内容简介

一位听众来信询问 “韧” 这个概念可以用哪个词来描述。在日常生活中,我们可以用 “tough” 和 “resilient” 来形容强韧而不易损坏的东西,但它们分别强调了 “强韧” 和 “不易损坏” 两个方面。比如,我们可以用 “tough” 来形容态度、立场、观点等等 “十分强硬”,而不能用 “resilient” 表达相同的意思。听节目,辨析这两个单词的使用要点。

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(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)

Buli
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 栏目。I’m Buli.

Phil
And I’m Phil. We have a question from one of our listeners.

Question
“韧的” 东西,英文怎样翻译?现代汉语词典中 “韧” 的定义是:受外力作用时,虽然变形而不容易折断,柔软而结实(跟 “脆” 相对)。它对应哪个词最合适?

Phil
So, the concept mentioned in this question can best be described with two English words: ‘tough’ and ‘resilient’. And they can be quite similar in meaning. Let’s look a bit more closely.

Buli
是的。在英语中谈论 “韧性” 这个概念时,经常使用 “tough” 和 “resilient” 这两个单词。其中,在形容某个物品时,“tough” 指的是 “坚韧,难以损坏”,而 “resilient” 指的是 “能够经受很强的打击而不损坏”。

Phil
In practice, we use these words in the same way when talking about how hard-wearing something is. Listen to these examples.

Examples
This fabric is very resilient – it won’t be damaged by the weather.
(这种面料非常耐用,它不会被天气损坏。)

If you’re going to the mountains, you’ll need some tough hiking boots.
(如果你要去山里的话,你就需要穿双结实的徒步靴。) 

Buli
不过需要注意的是,在形容 “某物十分结实耐用” 时,“tough” 更常见和实用,而 “resilient” 相对更强调技术性,更常出现在对产品的描述或者文章中。

Phil
Notice that we can use both these words like this to describe people. Someone who is tough or resilient can put up with a lot of difficulties and not let it stop them. Listen to these examples.

Examples
When you’re starting out in your career, you need to be resilient – lots of people will say “no” to you.
(当你在职业起步阶段时,你需要有韧性。因为许多人都会对你说 “不”。)

It’s a difficult job, but I learned to be tough. Criticism doesn’t bother me.
(这份工作很难做,但我学会了坚韧不拔。收到批评不会让我受挫。)

Buli
从上面的例句中我们可以看出,“tough” 和 “resilient” 还可以用来形容人。“A tough person” 指的是 “一个坚强或强硬的人”,而 “resilient” 则可以用来形容一个人 “具有韧性,非常顽强”。

Phil
While both words can mean ‘able to withstand force or difficulties’, there are other contexts where only one word is suitable.

Buli
就比如说,当我们在描述食物 “有些硬,嚼不烂” 时,可以使用 “tough” 而不能说 “resilient”。来听一个例句。

Example
This steak is terrible! It’s really tough! I can’t eat that!
(这块牛排太难吃了!它真的好硬!我可吃不下去!)

Phil
Another meaning of ‘tough’ is ‘difficult’. If we talk about tough conditions, we might mean that the weather is bad. Listen to this example.

Example
Conditions are tough in the mountains – you need to be prepared.
(山区的条件很艰苦,你需要做好准备。)

Buli
在表示 “困难的,艰难的” 这个意思时,“tough” 还可以广泛地用于形容 “条件、环境或态度等等非常负面,具有挑战性等”。比如,“a tough neighbourhood(一片危险的街区)”、“a tough job(一份有挑战性的工作)”、“a tough stance(强硬的态度或立场)” 以及 “a tough policy(一项强硬的政策)” 等等。来听一组例句。

Examples
Working as head of sales for a big firm is tough. You really need to put the hours in.
(在一家大公司做销售主管实属不易。你必须要把大把时间投入到工作中。)

My boss has a tough policy on lateness, she sacked someone for it last week!
(我的老板对迟到的政策很强硬,她上周刚因此炒了一个人的鱿鱼!)

Buli
总的来说,“tough” 和 “resilient” 都可以用来形容 “坚韧,强韧” 等和 “韧性” 有关的含义。其中,“tough” 在日常生活中更为常见,并且还能够用来形容 “艰难的,困难的,具有挑战性的” 事物;它在形容人时指的是 “坚强的,强硬的”。而 “resilient” 则更常用于技术性强的描述中,或者用于形容某人 “坚韧不拔,性格顽强”。

Phil
Remember, if you have a question that you’d like us to answer, you can email us too at qu****************@****co.uk

Buli
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye-bye!

Phil
Bye!

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